This document describes how to configure an IBM 7318 model P10 or model S20 to boot using a TCP/IP broadcast load configuration. It applies to AIX Versions 3.2.5 through 4.3.2.
This document is designed for AIX System Administrators with a knowledge of AIX administration and the 7318. Using this document, a TCP/IP broadcast boot configuration takes about 20 minutes.
In a broadcast load configuration, the 7318 broadcasts a boot request to every host on the network. Hosts that are configured to send the 7318 its load image and configuration file reply to the broadcast. This document contains modules that configure the host for the broadcast load.
Each module contains specific configuration steps. This document does not contain detailed explanations about the modules and steps used in the configuration methods.
To boot using a TCP/IP broadcast configuration, the router or gateway connecting the two LANs must be able to pass bootp broadcast packets. If the router cannot pass these broadcast packets, then use the TCP/IP-directed load configuration instead.
To use this document effectively, you must:
The lights on the front of the 7318 show its status. From left to right, the lights correspond to Power, Ready, AUI interface in use, and 10BaseT interface in use. Different light sequences appear during the 7318's power-on and hardware check, booting, and normal operation. For more information on the light sequences, refer to pages 2-5 in the 7318 Serial Communications Network Server Guide and Reference (SC23-2542-00).
Legend:
Light sequence condition and resolution, if applicable:
0 0 0 0 The 7318 is not powered ON. The 7318 does not have a power on/off switch. You must use the AC plus to power on and off the 7318.
1 0 0 0 The 7318 has a hardware problem if this sequence persists for more than 1 minute. In that case, the 7318 needs to be serviced or replaced.
1 B 0 0 The 7318 is trying to boot but cannot communicate with the network. Check all cabling connecting the 7318 to the LAN. Replace cabling if necessary. Continue troubleshooting once the 7318 is able to transmit onto the LAN.
1 B 1 0 The 7318 is trying to boot and can transmit onto the LAN.
1 B 0 1 The 7318 is trying to boot and can transmit onto the LAN. The 7318 is trying to boot but cannot find a load host. Proceed to the next section to continue troubleshooting.
1 1 1 0 The 7318 is booted and can transmit onto the LAN.
1 1 0 1 The 7318 is booted and can transmit onto the LAN. The 7318 has booted and is operating as designed. If you are unable to communicate with the 7318, the problem is beyond booting and the scope of this document.
The host communicates with the network through an interface (tr0, en0, et0, fi0). To configure an interface for TCP/IP, the interface must be active (the words <UP, RUNNING> appear in the flags when the ifconfig commmand is run).
NOTES:
ent0 Available 00-02 Ethernet High-Performance LAN Adapter (8ef5) fddi0 Available 00-03 FDDI Primary Card, Single Ring Fiber tok0 Available 00-04 Token-Ring High-Performance Adapter (8fc8)
For standard Ethernet Interface configured on the ent0, enter:
ifconfig en0
Sample output is as follows:
en0: flags=8080863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> inet 9.3.6.32 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 9.3.6.63
For a standard Token Ring Interface on tok0, enter:
ifconfig tr0
Sample output is as follows:
tr0: flags=80s0043<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,ALLCAST,MULTICAST> inet 9.3.6.68 netmask 0xffffffc0 broadcast 9.3.6.127
If the interface is active (the words <UP, RUNNING> appear in the flags list), then continue to the next section. If the words <UP, RUNNING> do not appear in the flags list, then configure the interface through SMIT.
Enter:
smit inet
tftp is the daemon that services file requests from the 7318 using UDP/IP. This service must be active on the host to send the load image and configuration file to the 7318.
lssrc -ls inetd | grep tftp
Sample output is as follow:
tftp /usr/sbin/tftpd tftpd -n active
If the process is active, proceed to the next section, "Checking the tftp file access permissions". If the process is inactive or is not listed, continue to the next step to start the process.
At AIX 4.2.1 and lower:
tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tftpd tftpd -n
At AIX 4.3 and higher:
tftp dgram udp6 SRC nobody /usr/sbin/tftpd tftpd -n
tftp 69/udp
refresh -s inetd
NOTE: For AIX 3.2.5 systems, first run the command inetimp.
tftp must have permission to access the directories in which the boot image and configuration file reside. The /etc/tftpaccess.ctl file contains the directories tftp is allowed to access. If /etc/tftpaccess.ctl does not exist, then tftp can access any directory.
NOTE: If the /etc/tftpaccess.ctl file does not exist, you may create the file. This allows tftp to access the directories in which the files reside. If the /etc/tftpaccess.ctl file does not exist, then tftp is allowed access to all directories.
The following is a sample /etc/tftfaccess.ctl file entry with tftp allowed access to the /usr/lib/cns directory.
########################################################## # The following example, when uncommented, only # allows access to the Diskless Client boot files. ########################################################## allow:/tftpboot allow:/usr/lib/cns
ls -l | moreCorrect sample file permissions are as follows:
-r--r--r-- 1 root system 442432 Jul 24 01:56 cns-p10 -r--r--r-- 1 root system 1240228 Jul 24 01:56 cns-s20e -rw-r--r-- 1 root system 17539 Sep 09 1995 p10.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root system 43120 Jul 24 01:56 s20.cfg
chmod 444 <filename>
bootp is the daemon that listens for the 7318's file requests and replies with its IP address and the name of its boot file. To boot the 7318 using a broadcast configuration, bootp must be active.
lssrc -ls inetd | grep bootps
Sample output looks like the following:
bootps /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd /etc/bootptab
If bootp is active, continue to the next section, "Verifying the 7318 entry in the /etc/bootptab file". If the process is inactive or is not listed, continue with the following steps to start the process.
bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd /etc/bootptab
bootps 67/udp
refresh -s inetd
NOTE: For AIX 3.2.5 systems, first run the command inetimp.
To boot the p10 or S20 using a TCP/IP broadcast load, the 7318 must be added to the /etc/bootptab file. The /etc/bootptab file lists the devices on the network to which the bootp server should reply. A bootp service listens for boot requests from the devices listed in the /etc/bootptab file and then begins boot services. Verify that the 7318 entry in the /etc/bootptab file is correct.
NOTE: Device parameters are listed at the beginning of the file. All entries must be on one line (a line may wrap to the next line), with no spaces, and separated by a colon. The entry must end with a colon. The ht=ethernet is mandatory and indicates the format of the hardware address, which will always be Ethernet.
Sample output looks like the following:
cns01.ibm.com:ht=ethernet:bf=/usr/lib/cns/cns-s20: ha=00406e000999:ip=1.1.1.2
If the entry is correct, continue to the next section. If the entry is not correct, continue to step 4.
bootp is the daemon that services a device requesting a bootp load. When the 7318 sends a broadcast request for a boot host, the bootp daemon (bootp) on the pSeries or RS/6000 receives the requests and checks the /etc/bootptab for the 7318 entry. If an entry is found, bootp replies with the 7318 IP address and the name of its boot file. If the 7318 is not booting but the host is receiving requests from the 7318, then the problem may be with the host's configuration.
When bootp is configured for debug mode, all 7318 requests and host replies are logged. This section configures bootp for debug mode (logs bootp activity). bootp in debug mode can log errors either to a file or standard output (a terminal or window). In this document, we will log the errors to standard output.
Sample output looks like the following:
bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd/etc/bootp
refresh -s inetd
NOTE: On AIX 3.2.5 systems, first run inetimp.
ps -ef | grep bootp
kill -1 <process_ID>
bootpd -d -d -d -d -s
NOTE: bootp will log errors to the window in which this command is entered. If you run this command in the console window, press Control -C to exit bootp in debug mode. If you receive the error bind failed this indicates that the socket name and the bootpd tcp port are already in use because the boot process is running. Kill the bootpd process and start bootpd in debug mode again.
Sample output looks like the following:
[root@ivorye] / # bootp -d -d -d -d -s BOOTPD: bootptab mtime is Wed Sep 4 16:11:31 1996 BOOTPD: reading "/etc/bootptab" BOOTPD: read 3 entries from "/etc/bootptab" BOOTPD: dumped 3 entries to "etc/bootpd.dump". BOOTPD: bootptab mtime is Wed Sep 4 16:11:31 1996 BOOTPD: Received boot request. BOOTPD: Request from hardware address 00406ef000f0 BOOTPD: found 9.3.6.7 guppye BOOTPD: bootfile = /urs/lib/cns/cns-s20e BOOTPD: vendor magic field is 0.0.0.0 BOOTPD: RFC1048 vendor data ( bp_vend[64] ) 99.130.83.99.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. 00o. BOOTPD: sending RFC1048-style reply BOOTPD: Time to create ARP entry, hardware type is 1 and ifname is en0 BOOTPD: Creating 10Mb Ethernet arp table entry BOOTPD: ioctl (SIOCSARP): Arp entry created successfully. BOOTPD: The following addresses are included in the bootp repl BOOTPD: Client IP address (bp->bp_ciaddr) = 9.3.6.7 BOOTPD: Server IP address (bp->bp_siaddr) = 9.3.6.38 BOOTPD: Gateway IP address (bp->bp_giaddr) = 9.3.6.38 BOOTPD: Finished processing boot request.
To exit, press Control -C.
If bootp can communicate with the 7318 but the problem is still undetermined, tftp may not be allowing proper file transfer. Once the bootpd daemon responds to the 7318's load host, the 7318 will make a file transfer request which will start a tftp process on the host to send the download image and configuration file to the 7318. The next section shows how to configure tftp for debug mode, but first you must return bootp to its original configuration as seen in the next step.
Sample output looks like the following:
bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd /etc/bootp
refresh -s inetd
NOTE: : On AIX 3.2.5. systems, first run inetimp.
tftp (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is responsible for sending the download image and configuration file to the 7318 using UDP/IP. If tftp is not active, the 7318 tftp port requests will be denied and the 7318 will continue to query for a load host. When tftp is configured for debug mode, all file transfers are logged to a specified file by the tftp daemon.
Sample output looks like the following:
tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tftpd tftpd -n -v
refresh -s inetd
NOTE: On AIX 3.2.5 systems, first run the inetimp command.
Sample output look like the following:
*.debug /tmp/fileName
touch /tmp/fileName
cat /dev/null/ > /tmp/fileName
refresh -s syslogd
NOTE: The 7318 will query for a load host. If bootp responds and
tftp will log all file transfers or errors to the 7318 in the log file
specified in the
Sample log of a successful file transfer:
The following steps stop tftp debugging and restore the tftp entry in
the /etc/inetd.conf file to its original form.
NOTE: Do not comment out the tftp line.
Sample output looks like the following:
NOTE: On AIX 3.2.5 systems, first run inetimp.
If the booting problem cannot be determined from bootp debugging and the
tftp log file, make a copy of the bootp debug output and tftp log file.
Send this information to an IBM Technical Specialist for evaluation.
Sep 7 11:39:43 ivorye syslogd: restart
Sep 7 11:43:07 ivorye bootpd[8884]: bootpd 2.1 #77:
Sep 7 11:43:07 ivorye bootpd[8884]: bootptab mtime
is Sat
Sep 7 11:43:07 ivorye bootpd[8884]: reading
"/etc/bootptab"
Sep 7 11:43:07 ivorye bootpd[8884]: read 3 entries
from "/etc/bootptab"
Sep 7 11:43:07 ivorye bootpd[8884]: dumped 3
entries to "/etc/bootpd.dump"
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: bootptab mtime
is Sat
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Received boot
request
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: request from
hardware address 00406EF000F0
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: found 9.3.6.7
guppye
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: bootfile=
/usr/lib/cns/cns-s20e
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: vendor magic
field is 0.0.0.0
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: RFC1048 vendor
data ( bp_vend[64] )
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: sending
RFC1048-style reply
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Time to create
ARP entry, hardware type is 1 and ifname is en0
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Creating 10Mb
Ethernet arp table entry
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: ioctl(SIOCSARP):
Arp entry created successfully
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: The following
addresses are included in the bootp reply
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Client IP address
(bp->bp_ciaddr) = 9.3.6.38
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Server IP address
(bp->bp_siaddr) = 9.3.6.38
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Gateway IP address
(bp->bp_giaddr) = 9.3.6.38
Sep 7 11:43:33 ivorye bootpd[8884]: Finished processing
boot request
Sep 7 11:43:48 ivorye tftpd[8884]: Sent
/usr/lib/cns/cns-s20e to 9.3.6.7
Sep 7 11:43:52 ivorye tftpd[8884]: Sent
/usr/lib/cns/s20.cfg to 9.3.6.7
tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tftpd tftpd -n
refresh -s inetd
#*.debug /tmp/fileName
refresh -s syslogd
The BIOS console allows you to view the 7318's boot process as it queries hosts for its load image and configuration file. A BIOS console session can be accessed by connecting a terminal (for example, an IBM3151) to one of the ports on the front of the 7318 using an RJ-45 cable and a null-modem adapter.
The terminal should emulate an ASCII terminal with the following settings:
9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit
To start a BIOS console session, recycle the power on the 7318. When the 7318 is powered back on, hold the Shift key and press 3 (# sign) repeatedly until four # signs scroll across the screen of the terminal.
You can access a BIOS console between the time the 7318 is first powered on and the ready light (second light) starts blinking. If the ready light begins blinking, you have missed the window to enter the BIOS console and must recycle the power and try again. Once four # signs scroll across the screen, the 7318 will begin a BIOS console session.
admin default save
show
NOTE: The latest BIOS level as of 04/16/99 is 5.23. If you are unsure whether the 7318 is at the latest BIOS level, please contact your AIX support center.
load
The load command allows you to view the 7318's requests and the host's responses as the 7318 queries for a load host and boot files. Incorrect configuration may lead to a load host ignoring 7318 requests or not finding files and boot images. If the problem cannot be determined from the BIOS load information, make a copy of the error log file and send this information to an IBM AIX Technical Specialist for evaluation.
[ Doc Ref: 90605196914814 Publish Date: Jan. 03, 2001 4FAX Ref: 7450 ]