Victor Penso - Vim - Terminal Text Editor

Text-editor …one of the most used applications

vi pre-installed on most Linux distributions
…system administrators require a terminal-based text editor
…makes mouse redundant …typically not always in SSH remote administration
…integrates seamlessly with workflow …editing of system configuration

Vim philosophy …two main ideas to understand:

Modal editing ⇒ edit text efficiently
- …most time spend to move (navigate) the cursor before editing & writing
- …cursor navigation more powerful then in any other editor
- …default normal mode used to efficiently navigate
- …edit (add/delete) text in insert mode (press i & Esc to exit)
Operators

Installation

Fonts

Editors (and other shell tools) require fonts with a specific glyph set.

#!/usr/bin/env bash
test -d ~/.fonts || mkdir ~/.fonts   # path to the user font cache
cd $(mktemp -d)                      # work in a temporary directory
version=${1:-v2.3.3}                 # version of Nerd Fonts
for zip in Inconsolata.zip Hack.zip
do
        curl -Lf https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/$version/$zip -o $zip
        unzip $zip
done
cp -v *.{ttf,otf} ~/.fonts           # copy fonts to the user cache
fc-cache -f -v                       # update the font database

Configure nerd font in terminal emulator…

NeoVim

Install NeoVim ¹ …unless a recent version is available as distro package:

# official AppImage
wget https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/download/v0.4.4/nvim.appimage -P ~/bin
chmod u+x ~/bin/nvim.appimage
ln -s ~/bin/nvim.appimage ~/bin/nvim

Configuration

It is recommended to keep your configuration files under version control

Configuration	Description
`vim.sh`	Script to set shell aliases and the `EDITOR` environment variable
`vimrc`	Vim configuration …`~/vimrc`
`vim-config`	Script to deploy the Vim configuration
`init.vim`	NeoVim configuration …`~/.config/nvim/init.vim`
`nvim-config`	Script to deploy the NeoVim configuration

The configuration script will install vim-plug ²…

mkdir -p ~/.config/nvim/autoload
curl -fLo ~/.config/nvim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim

…and link to the configuration files in a version control repository

Modeline

Modeline configures Vim settings embedded into the header of a file.
Read …
- Vim Wiki - Modeline magic
- Vim Modeline Commands

Enable modelines in your vimrc:

" enable modeline magic
set modeline
set modelines=5

Read :help modeline for more examples:

# vim: filetype=sh
/* vim: expandtap textwidth=80 tabstop=8 */

Map Leader

“prefix” key to create mappings on top of it …called “leader”

# show map leader
:echo mapleader

# remap
:let mapleader = ","

In the configuration <leader> is replaced by mapleader …example:

let mapleader = ','

" make it easy to edit the Vim configuration file
nmap <leader>s :source $HOME/.vimrc
nmap <leader>c :e $HOME/.vimrc "

Keys	Description
`<leader>/`	clear highlighted search
`<leader>c`	edit configuration file
`<leader>d`	toggle German spelling
`<leader>e`	toggle English spelling
`<leader>n`	toggle relative line numbers
`<leader>l`	toggle invisible characters
`<leader>p`	toggle paste mode
`<leader>s`	source configuration file

Usage

101

Open a terminal and run the nvim command. By default Vim starts in normal mode.

Switch to insert mode pressing the i (insert) key
Enter some text, arrow keys and backspace work as expected
Press Esc to return to normal mode

Commands starts with a double point :.

The write command :w <filename> followed by a file name saves the text into file, i.e. :w test.txt.
Exit Vim with the quit command :q.
Open a file using the vim command followed by a filename, i.e. nvim test.txt
Use the edit command :e <filename> to open another file. Use insert mode to add some text, and save the file. Open the previous file with :e, note that you can use Tab to autocomplete the filename.
Exit the editor with :q. Vim prevents you from losing unsaved changes unless explicitly discarded with :q!. Save and exit with a combined command :wq.

Motions

Motions …positioning of a cursor …in normal mode

0  ^    B       b  ge  H l    ew   E W      $     motions
|  |    |       |  |   |↓|    ||   | |      |
   word example-word    Example-word example.
   |                    ↑|                   |
   I                    ia                   A    insert mode

Use the keys on the home row with your right hand for cursor navigation

h (left), j (down), k (up) ,and l (right)
index finger should be positioned above j, hence should press h and j
middle finger is positioned over k
ring finger is positioned over l.

WORD vs word:

w   w w   w   w
|   | |   |   |
word. are two words
|     |   |   |
W     W   W   W

WORDs in Vim jargon always delimited by whitespace.
A word is delimited by non-keyword characters (which are configurable).

word	WORD	Description
`w`	`W`	forward, start of next word
`e`	`E`	forward, end of current/next word
`b`	`B`	backward, start of current/previous word
`ge`	-	backward, end of previous word

Line

Navigate the cursor within a line…

       0         first char in current line
       ^         first non-blank char in current line
       $         last char in current line
       g_        last non-blank char in current line
[count]+         first non-blank char of lines downward
[count]-         first non-blank char of lines upward
[count]G         first non-blank of line (default last line)
       1G, gg    got to start of file, aka first line
       %         go to corresponding (,{,[

Move cursor to sentences & paragraphs…

[count](         sentences backward
[count])         sentences forward
[count]{         paragraphs forward
[count]}         paragraphs backward

Cursor line position…

zz        center cursor line
zt        cursor line to the top
zb        cursor line to the bottom

Search

Search through the current line (useful for very lone lines):

f{char}           forward search char
F{char}           backward search char
;                 repeat in same direction
,                 repeat in opposite direction

Search the document

/pattern<CR>      forward search word
?pattern<CR>      backward search word 
n                 next match
N                 previous match
*                 next word under cursor
#                 previous word under cursor
<leader> /        clear search highlighting

Substitution

:s/pat/rpl/      first occurrence single line
:s/pat/rpl/g     all occurrences single line
:%s/pat/rpl/     first occurrence in file
:%s/pat/rpl/g    all occurrences in file
:%s/pat/rpl/gc   all occurrences in file with confirmation

Insert/Replace & Undo/Redo

<Esc> end insert/replace mode …back to normal mode

i                 insert text before the cursor
a                 append text after the cursor
o                 begin a new line below the cursor and insert text
O                 begin a new line above the cursor and insert text
I                 insert text before first non-blank in line
A                 append text at the end of the line
R                 replace mode (chars you type replace existing chars)
u                 undo last edit
U                 undo line
<C-r>             redo last edit

Delete

       D             delete until end of line
       C             delete until end of line, and insert text
[count]J             join lines (delete line break)
[count]x             delete chars under and after cursor
[count]X             delete chars before cursor
[count]s             delete chars and insert text
[count]S             delete lines and insert text
[count]r{char}       replace chars under and after cursor
       c[count]w     delete words and insert text
[count]dd            delete lines
       d0            delete to beginning of line
       d[count]w     delete words
       d[count]b     delete words backward
   :1,.d             delete to beginning of file
   :.,$d             delete untile end of file
       dt{char}      delete forward until {char}
       dT{char}      delete backward until {char}

Copy & Paste

Yank (aka. copy):

y          yank letter (single character)
yy or Y    yank line
y$         yank until end of line
yaw        yank word (including leading/trailing white spaces)
yas        yank sentence
ytx        yank until character x
yfx        yank up to (including) character x

Paste

p                paste from "
"{register}p     paste from specific register, i.e. 0

Folding

Built-in method of folding to…

…hide parts of a file for visual clarity
…improve searching and structural overview
Useful to fold large… -…text paragraphs in documents
- …structural code segments in program languages
- …text segments in markup files

Keys:

za               toggle folding
zc               close fold at the cursor
zo               open fold at the cursor
zR               open all folds
zM               close all open folds
zj               move cursor to next fold
zk               move cursor to previous fold

Commands:

:set foldenable 
:set foldmethod = indent

Fold methods…

manual …choose which specific lines to fold
indent …lines at the same indentation level
syntax …syntax highlighting defines the folds
expr …define fold method with regular expressions
marker …use special marking characters

Registers

Commands to work on the registers:

:reg       show registers
:Wipe      empty registers (cf. vimrc)

Address a register with followed by a register name "{register}

Register	Description
”	unnamed (or default), used by y/Y/d/D/x/X/c/C/s/S
_	black hole register (content discarded, not store to viminfo)
0	last yank from y/Y
1 to 9	historical record of delete/change from d/D/c/C
-	small delete register
.	last insert text register
a to z	named registers for users
%	file name register
:	command register (most recently executed)

Spelling

z=               list alternatives if word is incorrect
zG               add the word to the spelling file
<leader> d       toggle german spelling
<leader> e       toggle english spelling

Digraphs

What is a digraph in Vim?

Used to enter non-ASCII characters using a combination of two characters
Useful for characters that are not available on your keyboard
Digraphs available for: accented letters, currency symbols, special characters…

In insert mode Ctrl-k followed by digraph (two-character lookup code)

Examples: <ctrl-k> =e will insert a €
…a digraph is a pair of characters representing another character
…used to enter a characters not available on a normal keyboard

Add a digraph to the vim configuration…

dig  :)  9786    " ☺  smiling face

Non-breaking Spaces

Insert with digraph <ctrl-l> <space> <space>

…to preserve spaces in a markdown document for example
Enters a space character that prevents consecutive white-space characters…
- …from collapsing into a single space
- & …prevents an automatic line break at its position
Note that non-breaking spaces are changed to normal spaces in a copy-paste operation

Table of Digraphs

List digraphs with :dig! or :digraphs! …examples…

…each digraphs presented with three column
…first …characters (digraph) to type with Ctrl-k
…second …the resulting characters
…third …decimal Unicode number to type with Ctrl-v
Find decimal representation (codepoint) of the character…
- …cursor over character
- …normal mode ga
- …insert mode :as

Digraph	Character	Codepoint	Description
’!	`	96	backtick …backqoute …grave accent
A:	Ä	196	A with diaeresis
ss	ß	223	sharp s (german)
a:	ä	228	a with diaeresis
0S	⁰	8304	superscript zero
0s	₀	8320	subscript zero
=e	€	8364	euro
oC	℃	8451	degree celsius
13	⅓	8531	fraction one third

Visual Mode

v                enter visual selection mode 
V                enter line selection mode 
y                copy selection into buffer

Column selection

<C-v>            enter column selection mode
I                insert in front of cursor (Esc to apply to all lines)
A                append after cursor
<C-r>"           paste from register
c                change selection (delete and switch to insert mode)
r                replace every character in selections
d                delete 
o                toggle cursor to opposite corner

Distributions

…NeoVim configuration beyond the default. Typically to improve the experience for software development, and/or to easy adaptation by new users.

LazyVim

LazyVim ³ ⁴ installation:

rm -rf ~/.config/nvim
rm -rf ~/.local/share/nvim
rm -rf ~/.cache/nvim
sudo dnf install -y neovim ripgrep fd-find
git clone https://github.com/LazyVim/starter ~/.config/nvim
rm -rf +/.config/nvim/.git

…recommended to run :LazyHealth after installation…

…enable additional functionality with :LazyExtras menu
…select from the bullet points pressing x and restarting

Adjust the color schema:

echo 'opts = { style = "moon" }' > ~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins/tokyonight.nvim

Preconfigured which-key ⁵ plugin that displays key-maps ⁶…

…starts in dashboard mode ⁷, s restore session …n new empty bufferline
Normal mode …s invoke flash ⁸ plugin that provides seek mode
<space> leader to enter space mode…
- f file/find with Telescope ⁹

LunaVim

LunarVim…

…note that the installation does not interfere with any other vim installation
…use the installation instructions…

# dependencies...
sudo dnf install -y @development-tools gcc-c++ binutils \
      curl git python3 python3-pip nodejs npm fd-find ripgrep cargo tree-sitter neovim
sudo pip3 install -y pynvim

# install...
mkdir $HOME/.local/share/lunarvim
git clone https://github.com/lunarvim/lunarvim $HOME/.local/share/lunarvim/lvim
cat > $HOME/bin/lvim <<'EOF'
#!/usr/bin/env bash
export LUNARVIM_RUNTIME_DIR="${LUNARVIM_RUNTIME_DIR:-$HOME/.local/share/lunarvim}"
export LUNARVIM_CONFIG_DIR="${LUNARVIM_CONFIG_DIR:-$HOME/.config/lvim}"
export LUNARVIM_CACHE_DIR="${LUNARVIM_CACHE_DIR:-$HOME/.cache/lvim}"
export LUNARVIM_BASE_DIR="${LUNARVIM_BASE_DIR:-$LUNARVIM_RUNTIME_DIR/lvim}"
exec -a lvim nvim -u "$LUNARVIM_BASE_DIR/init.lua" "$@"
EOF
chmod +x $HOME/bin/lvim

…customization is described in the configuration section
- …keybindings…
- <C-\> toggle terminal
- nvimtree… <leader> e
  - …<C-w><C-w> switch
  - …g? bindings …q close
- bufferline… <leader> b
- lazy.vim for packages

# install syntax highlighting plugin 
:TSInstall <TAB>
# install language server
:LspInstall <TAB>

Plugins

`fzf.vim`

fzf wrapper plugin for Vim ¹⁰ …using vim-plug:

Plug 'junegunn/fzf', { 'do': { -> fzf#install() } }
Plug 'junegunn/fzf.vim'

Mappings in insert mode:

imap <c-x><c-k> <plug>(fzf-complete-word)
imap <c-x><c-f> <plug>(fzf-complete-path)
imap <c-x><c-l> <plug>(fzf-complete-line)

Markdown

Common plugins used with Markdown…

markdown-preview
markdownlint style checker and lint tool
headlines.nvim adds highlights for headings, code blocks, etc

Footnotes

NeoVim, GitHub
https://neovim.io/
https://github.com/neovim/neovim ↩︎
vim-plug: A minimalist Vim plugin manager
https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug ↩︎
LazyVim Project
https://www.lazyvim.org
https://github.com/LazyVim/LazyVim ↩︎
LazyVim for Ambitious Developers, Dusty Phillips
https://lazyvim-ambitious-devs.phillips.codes ↩︎
Which Key, GitHub
https://github.com/folke/which-key.nvim ↩︎
Keymaps, LazyVim Documentation
https://www.lazyvim.org/keymaps ↩︎
NeoVim startscreen, GitHub
https://github.com/nvimdev/dashboard-nvim ↩︎
flash.nvim, GitHub
https://github.com/folke/flash.nvim ↩︎
Telescope, GitHub
https://github.com/nvim-telescope ↩︎
fzf.vim Plugin, GitHub
https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.vim ↩︎

--- title: Vim - Terminal Text Editor subtitle: Installation, Configuration & Usage categories: - Terminal date: 2010/12/04 date-modified: 2024/06/13 title-block-banner: true toc-depth: 4 toc-expand: true --- Text-editor …one of the most used applications - `vi` pre-installed on most Linux distributions - …system administrators require a terminal-based text editor - …makes mouse redundant …typically not always in SSH remote administration - …integrates seamlessly with workflow …editing of system configuration Vim philosophy …two main ideas to understand: - **Modal editing** ⇒ edit text efficiently - …most time spend to move (navigate) the cursor before editing & writing - …cursor navigation more powerful then in any other editor - …default **normal mode** used to efficiently navigate - …edit (add/delete) text in **insert mode** (press `i` & Esc to exit) - **Operators** ## Installation ### Fonts Editors (and other shell tools) require fonts with a specific glyph set. Install [Nerd Fonts](https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts)... ```bash #!/usr/bin/env bash test -d ~/.fonts || mkdir ~/.fonts # path to the user font cache cd $(mktemp -d) # work in a temporary directory version=${1:-v2.3.3} # version of Nerd Fonts for zip in Inconsolata.zip Hack.zip do curl -Lf https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/$version/$zip -o $zip unzip $zip done cp -v *.{ttf,otf} ~/.fonts # copy fonts to the user cache fc-cache -f -v # update the font database ``` Configure nerd font in terminal emulator... ### NeoVim Install NeoVim [^8Fsgv] …unless a recent version is available as distro package: [^8Fsgv]: NeoVim, GitHub <https://neovim.io/> <https://github.com/neovim/neovim> ```bash # official AppImage wget https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/download/v0.4.4/nvim.appimage -P ~/bin chmod u+x ~/bin/nvim.appimage ln -s ~/bin/nvim.appimage ~/bin/nvim ``` ## Configuration It is recommended to keep your configuration files under version control Configuration | Description --------------|--------------- [`vim.sh`][VoTjd] | Script to set shell aliases and the `EDITOR` environment variable [`vimrc`][RmAf8] | Vim configuration …`~/vimrc` [`vim-config`][77cZO] | Script to deploy the Vim configuration [`init.vim`][c9hSn] | NeoVim configuration …`~/.config/nvim/init.vim` [`nvim-config`][x2Szs] | Script to deploy the NeoVim configuration [RmAf8]: https://github.com/vpenso/scripts/blob/master/etc/vimrc [c9hSn]: https://github.com/vpenso/scripts/blob/master/etc/nvim/init.vim [77cZO]: https://github.com/vpenso/scripts/blob/master/bin/vim-config [x2Szs]: https://github.com/vpenso/scripts/blob/master/bin/nvim-config [VoTjd]: https://github.com/vpenso/scripts/blob/master/var/aliases/vim.sh The configuration script will install vim-plug [^vplg]… [^vplg]: vim-plug: A minimalist Vim plugin manager <https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug> ```bash mkdir -p ~/.config/nvim/autoload curl -fLo ~/.config/nvim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim ``` …and link to the configuration files in a version control repository ### Modeline - Modeline configures Vim settings embedded into the header of a file. - Read ... - [Vim Wiki - Modeline magic](https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Modeline_magic) - [Vim Modeline Commands](https://github.com/inkarkat/vim-ModelineCommands) Enable modelines in your `vimrc`: ```txt " enable modeline magic set modeline set modelines=5 ``` Read `:help modeline` for more examples: ```txt # vim: filetype=sh /* vim: expandtap textwidth=80 tabstop=8 */ ``` ### Map Leader "prefix" key to create mappings on top of it …called "leader" ```bash # show map leader :echo mapleader # remap :let mapleader = "," ``` In the configuration `<leader>` is replaced by `mapleader` …example: ```txt let mapleader = ',' " make it easy to edit the Vim configuration file nmap <leader>s :source $HOME/.vimrc nmap <leader>c :e $HOME/.vimrc " ``` Keys | Description -----|-------------- `<leader>/` | clear highlighted search `<leader>c` | edit configuration file `<leader>d` | toggle German spelling `<leader>e` | toggle English spelling `<leader>n` | toggle relative line numbers `<leader>l` | toggle invisible characters `<leader>p` | toggle paste mode `<leader>s` | source configuration file ## Usage ### 101 Open a terminal and run the `nvim` command. By default Vim starts in normal mode. 1. Switch to **insert mode** pressing the `i` (insert) key 2. Enter some text, arrow keys and backspace work as expected 3. Press `Esc` to **return to normal mode** Commands starts with a double point `:`. - The **write command** `:w <filename>` followed by a file name saves the text into file, i.e. `:w test.txt`. - Exit Vim with the **quit command** `:q`. - **Open a file** using the `vim` command followed by a filename, i.e. `nvim test.txt` - Use the **edit command** `:e <filename>` to open another file. Use insert mode to add some text, and save the file. Open the previous file with `:e`, note that you can use `Tab` to autocomplete the filename. - Exit the editor with `:q`. Vim prevents you from losing unsaved changes unless explicitly discarded with `:q!`. Save and exit with a combined command `:wq`. ### Motions Motions …positioning of a cursor …in normal mode ```txt 0 ^ B b ge H l ew E W $ motions | | | | | |↓| || | | | word example-word Example-word example. | ↑| | I ia A insert mode ``` Use the keys on the **home row** with your right hand for cursor navigation - `h` (left), `j` (down), `k` (up) ,and `l` (right) - **index finger** should be positioned above `j`, hence should press `h` and `j` - **middle finger** is positioned over `k` - **ring finger** is positioned over `l`. WORD vs word: ```txt w w w w w | | | | | word. are two words | | | | W W W W ``` - **WORDs** in Vim jargon always delimited by whitespace. - A **word** is delimited by non-keyword characters (which are configurable). word | WORD | Description -----|------|-------------- `w` | `W` | forward, start of next word `e` | `E` | forward, end of current/next word `b` | `B` | backward, start of current/previous word `ge` | - | backward, end of previous word ### Line Navigate the cursor within a line… ```txt 0 first char in current line ^ first non-blank char in current line $ last char in current line g_ last non-blank char in current line [count]+ first non-blank char of lines downward [count]- first non-blank char of lines upward [count]G first non-blank of line (default last line) 1G, gg got to start of file, aka first line % go to corresponding (,{,[ ``` Move cursor to sentences & paragraphs… ```txt [count]( sentences backward [count]) sentences forward [count]{ paragraphs forward [count]} paragraphs backward ``` Cursor line position… ```txt zz center cursor line zt cursor line to the top zb cursor line to the bottom ``` ### Search Search through the current line (useful for very lone lines): ```txt f{char} forward search char F{char} backward search char ; repeat in same direction , repeat in opposite direction ``` Search the document ```txt /pattern<CR> forward search word ?pattern<CR> backward search word n next match N previous match * next word under cursor # previous word under cursor <leader> / clear search highlighting ``` Substitution ```txt :s/pat/rpl/ first occurrence single line :s/pat/rpl/g all occurrences single line :%s/pat/rpl/ first occurrence in file :%s/pat/rpl/g all occurrences in file :%s/pat/rpl/gc all occurrences in file with confirmation ``` ### Insert/Replace & Undo/Redo `<Esc>` end insert/replace mode …back to normal mode ```txt i insert text before the cursor a append text after the cursor o begin a new line below the cursor and insert text O begin a new line above the cursor and insert text I insert text before first non-blank in line A append text at the end of the line R replace mode (chars you type replace existing chars) u undo last edit U undo line <C-r> redo last edit ``` ### Delete ```txt D delete until end of line C delete until end of line, and insert text [count]J join lines (delete line break) [count]x delete chars under and after cursor [count]X delete chars before cursor [count]s delete chars and insert text [count]S delete lines and insert text [count]r{char} replace chars under and after cursor c[count]w delete words and insert text [count]dd delete lines d0 delete to beginning of line d[count]w delete words d[count]b delete words backward :1,.d delete to beginning of file :.,$d delete untile end of file dt{char} delete forward until {char} dT{char} delete backward until {char} ``` ### Copy & Paste Yank (aka. copy): ```txt y yank letter (single character) yy or Y yank line y$ yank until end of line yaw yank word (including leading/trailing white spaces) yas yank sentence ytx yank until character x yfx yank up to (including) character x ``` Paste ```txt p paste from " "{register}p paste from specific register, i.e. 0 ``` ### Folding Built-in method of folding to... - ...hide parts of a file for visual clarity - ...improve searching and structural overview - Useful to fold large... -...text paragraphs in documents - ...structural code segments in program languages - ...text segments in markup files Keys: ```txt za toggle folding zc close fold at the cursor zo open fold at the cursor zR open all folds zM close all open folds zj move cursor to next fold zk move cursor to previous fold ``` Commands: ```txt :set foldenable :set foldmethod = indent ``` Fold methods... - `manual` ...choose which specific lines to fold - `indent` ...lines at the same indentation level - `syntax` ...syntax highlighting defines the folds - `expr` ...define fold method with regular expressions - `marker` ...use special marking characters ### Registers Commands to work on the registers: ```txt :reg show registers :Wipe empty registers (cf. vimrc) ``` Address a register with followed by a register name `"{register}` Register | Description -----------|----------------- " | unnamed (or default), used by y/Y/d/D/x/X/c/C/s/S _ | black hole register (content discarded, not store to viminfo) 0 | last yank from y/Y 1 to 9 | historical record of delete/change from d/D/c/C \- | small delete register . | last insert text register a to z | named registers for users % | file name register : | command register (most recently executed) ### Spelling ```txt z= list alternatives if word is incorrect zG add the word to the spelling file <leader> d toggle german spelling <leader> e toggle english spelling ``` ### Digraphs What is a digraph in Vim? - Used to enter non-ASCII characters using a combination of two characters - Useful for characters that are not available on your keyboard - Digraphs available for: accented letters, currency symbols, special characters… In insert mode **Ctrl-k** followed by **digraph** (two-character lookup code) - Examples: `<ctrl-k> =e` will insert a `€` - …a digraph is a pair of characters representing another character - …used to enter a characters not available on a normal keyboard Add a digraph to the vim configuration... ```txt dig :) 9786 " ☺ smiling face ``` #### Non-breaking Spaces Insert with digraph `<ctrl-l> <space> <space>` - …to preserve spaces in a markdown document for example - Enters a space character that prevents consecutive white-space characters… - …from collapsing into a single space - & …prevents an automatic line break at its position - Note that non-breaking spaces are changed to normal spaces in a copy-paste operation #### Table of Digraphs List digraphs with `:dig!` or `:digraphs!` ...examples... - …each digraphs presented with three column - …first …characters (digraph) to type with Ctrl-k - …second …the resulting characters - …third …decimal Unicode number to type with Ctrl-v - Find decimal representation (codepoint) of the character... - ...cursor over character - ...normal mode `ga` - ...insert mode `:as` Digraph | Character | Codepoint | Description --------|-----------|-----------|--------------- '! | \` | 96 | backtick ...backqoute ...grave accent A: | Ä | 196 | A with diaeresis ss | ß | 223 | sharp s (german) a: | ä | 228 | a with diaeresis 0S | ⁰ | 8304 | superscript zero 0s | ₀ | 8320 | subscript zero =e | € | 8364 | euro oC | ℃ | 8451 | degree celsius 13 | ⅓ | 8531 | fraction one third ### Visual Mode ```txt v enter visual selection mode V enter line selection mode y copy selection into buffer ``` Column selection ```txt <C-v> enter column selection mode I insert in front of cursor (Esc to apply to all lines) A append after cursor <C-r>" paste from register c change selection (delete and switch to insert mode) r replace every character in selections d delete o toggle cursor to opposite corner ``` ## Distributions …NeoVim configuration beyond the default. Typically to improve the experience for software development, and/or to easy adaptation by new users. ### LazyVim LazyVim [^BOM8D] [^Z6qhm] installation: [^BOM8D]: LazyVim Project <https://www.lazyvim.org> <https://github.com/LazyVim/LazyVim> [^Z6qhm]: LazyVim for Ambitious Developers, Dusty Phillips <https://lazyvim-ambitious-devs.phillips.codes> ```bash rm -rf ~/.config/nvim rm -rf ~/.local/share/nvim rm -rf ~/.cache/nvim sudo dnf install -y neovim ripgrep fd-find git clone https://github.com/LazyVim/starter ~/.config/nvim rm -rf +/.config/nvim/.git ``` …recommended to run `:LazyHealth` after installation… - …enable additional functionality with `:LazyExtras` menu - …select from the bullet points pressing `x` and restarting Adjust the color schema: ```bash echo 'opts = { style = "moon" }' > ~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins/tokyonight.nvim ``` Preconfigured _which-key_ [^79oET] plugin that displays key-maps [^3Pk2Q]… - …starts in _dashboard mode_ [^RsQoU], `s` restore session …`n` new empty bufferline - Normal mode …`s` invoke _flash_ [^RUR2Q] plugin that provides seek mode - `<space>` **leader** to enter space mode… - `f` file/find with _Telescope_ [^7xAWM] [^3Pk2Q]: Keymaps, LazyVim Documentation <https://www.lazyvim.org/keymaps> [^79oET]: Which Key, GitHub <https://github.com/folke/which-key.nvim> [^RsQoU]: NeoVim startscreen, GitHub <https://github.com/nvimdev/dashboard-nvim> [^RUR2Q]: `flash.nvim`, GitHub <https://github.com/folke/flash.nvim> [^7xAWM]: Telescope, GitHub <https://github.com/nvim-telescope> ### LunaVim [LunarVim](https://www.lunarvim.org)... - ...note that the installation does not interfere with any other `vim` installation - ...use the [installation instructions](https://www.lunarvim.org/docs/installation)... ```sh # dependencies... sudo dnf install -y @development-tools gcc-c++ binutils \ curl git python3 python3-pip nodejs npm fd-find ripgrep cargo tree-sitter neovim sudo pip3 install -y pynvim # install... mkdir $HOME/.local/share/lunarvim git clone https://github.com/lunarvim/lunarvim $HOME/.local/share/lunarvim/lvim cat > $HOME/bin/lvim <<'EOF' #!/usr/bin/env bash export LUNARVIM_RUNTIME_DIR="${LUNARVIM_RUNTIME_DIR:-$HOME/.local/share/lunarvim}" export LUNARVIM_CONFIG_DIR="${LUNARVIM_CONFIG_DIR:-$HOME/.config/lvim}" export LUNARVIM_CACHE_DIR="${LUNARVIM_CACHE_DIR:-$HOME/.cache/lvim}" export LUNARVIM_BASE_DIR="${LUNARVIM_BASE_DIR:-$LUNARVIM_RUNTIME_DIR/lvim}" exec -a lvim nvim -u "$LUNARVIM_BASE_DIR/init.lua" "$@" EOF chmod +x $HOME/bin/lvim ``` - ...customization is described in the [configuration][3oLeI] section - ...[keybindings](https://www.lunarvim.org/docs/keybind-overview)... - `<C-\>` toggle terminal - [nvimtree](https://github.com/nvim-tree/nvim-tree.lua)... `<leader> e` - ...`<C-w><C-w>` switch - ...`g?` bindings ...`q` close - [bufferline](https://github.com/akinsho/bufferline.nvim)... `<leader> b` - [lazy.vim](https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim#-usage) for packages [3oLeI]: https://www.lunarvim.org/docs/configuration ```sh # install syntax highlighting plugin :TSInstall <TAB> # install language server :LspInstall <TAB> ``` ## Plugins ### `fzf.vim` `fzf` wrapper plugin for Vim [^FjUCl] …using `vim-plug`: [^FjUCl]: `fzf.vim` Plugin, GitHub <https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.vim> ```txt Plug 'junegunn/fzf', { 'do': { -> fzf#install() } } Plug 'junegunn/fzf.vim' ``` Mappings in insert mode: ```txt imap <c-x><c-k> <plug>(fzf-complete-word) imap <c-x><c-f> <plug>(fzf-complete-path) imap <c-x><c-l> <plug>(fzf-complete-line) ``` ### Markdown Common plugins used with Markdown… - [markdown-preview][1ZsDp] - [markdownlint][gU1on] style checker and lint tool - [headlines.nvim][oUgGH] adds highlights for headings, code blocks, etc [1ZsDp]: https://github.com/iamcco/markdown-preview.nvim [gU1on]: https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint [oUgGH]: https://github.com/lukas-reineke/headlines.nvim