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The basic system has now been installed and now needs to be configured for the
CERN environment.
Firstly the network needs to be configured and started. In
order to do this first become super user and then invoke netsetup as
follows:
#/etc/netsetup install
You will be presented with a series of questions and asked to confirm each
answer. You will require the following information:
- The name of your machine
- An alias for your machine (if required)
- The network number. This is the first part of the TCP/IP address
(e.g. 128.141)
- When asked if the network uses subnet routing answer "no"
- Your host number which is the last two numbers of the above address.
- Broadcast address - all '1's at CERN, the default.
(IP Broadcast Address 128.141.255.255)
- You will be asked for your ethernet device type. Unless you have more
than one Ethernet interface you will normally be prompted with the correct
device. For VAXstations and DECstations this is the DESVA, Busless LANCE
network interface (ln0). If there is any doubt you may determine the network
interfaces on your system by running the netstat command as follows:
- Log on as root (or become superuser)
- Invoke netstat with the -i option:
#netstat -i
The system will output a table similar to the following:
Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll
ln0 1500 none none 0 0 0 0 0
lo0 1536 non none 0 0 0 0 0
The interface name is given in the left hand column. In this example the
device name of the network adapter is ln and the unit number is 0. The
device lo0, which is known as localhost, allows the system to simulate a
network and is not one of the network adapters.
- /etc/routed should not be started
- The network name is "ether"
- There is no alias for the network
- You will then be asked to enter the host names, abbreviations, network
addresses and host addesses for other hosts in the
network. There are two name servers at CERN which centralise this information,
however, you should add here the machines with which you are likely to
communicate most often. The procedure used to configure the name servers is
described later in this chapter. The following is a list of the central
services that you may wish to add:
dxcern.cern.ch dxcern 128.141.201.96 Central ULTRIX Service
dxsoft.cern.ch dxsoft 128.141.248.184 Remote Installation Server
springer.cern.ch springer 128.141.6.58 Central Print Server
dxmint.cern.ch dxmint 128.141.1.113 Mail Gateway
vxcern.cern.ch vxcern 128.141.0.1 Central VAX Service
cernvm.cern.ch cernvm 128.141.2.4 CERNVM
- The next step asks for the names of trusted hosts. Be VERY
careful. Users on a trusted host who have an account on your system may log
in without password verification.
The following line should then be added to the end of the file
/etc/rc.local
in order to define the external gateway (for access to other networks at CERN
and to nodes outside CERN):
/etc/route add default 128.141.200.10 1
The BIND/Hesiod service is a lookup service for information on host names,
IP addresses and user and network services. The following describes how
to set up these services to use the CERN name servers.
The file /etc/svc.conf defines the order in which the naming services
are searched. Type the following to run the command:
#/usr/etc/svcsetup
The svcsetup procedure then presents a series of menus as follows:
- The first menu asks whether you want to modify the file, print the file
or exit from svcsetup.
Select the modify option
- The next menu lists the databases that you can modify.
Select the hosts databases (3)
- The next menu lists the possible naming service orders and will be
presented twice, once for the hosts database and again for the networks
database.
Select local,bind (5)
The file svc.conf will then be updated and svcsetup will exit.
The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) is a network naming service. The
bindsetup command can be used to add, modify or remove BIND servers on
your system. Before running bindsetup check that your machine is in
multiuser mode and the network is up. Type the following to run the command:
#/usr/etc/bindsetup
The bindsetup command then steps through the configuration process as
follows:
- You are first presented with a menu asking whether you want to add to
or modify the BIND/Hesiod environment, remove BIND/Hesiod or exit from
bindsetup.
Select the add option (a)
- You are then asked for the default BIND domain name. This is:
cern.ch
- The configuration menu for domain "cern.ch" then appears. This asks
whether your machine is a primary server, secondary server, caching server,
slave server or a client. There is also an option to exit from
bindsetup.
Select the client option (c)
- You are then prompted for the host name and Internet address of the
server or servers. There are two such machines at CERN and their names
and addresses are listed below. Enter them both.
d-name-1 128.141.200.5
d-name-2 128.141.200.6
In order to spread the load evenly over the two name servers you are asked
to enter them in the order d-name-1, d-name-2 if your IP address is odd and
d-name-2, d-name-1 if your IP address is even.
The bindsetup command will then list the files that it has modified and
give a warning message concerning the file sendmail.cf. This message may
be ignored at this point as sendmail.cf should be replaced later
(See section Setting up Mail).
The following steps should be taken in order to tailor mail for the CERN
environment.
- Make sure that you are not in the /etc directory. Copy the file
ultrix.cf from the central server (dxsoft) using ftp.
#ftp dxsoft
#Name (dxsoft.xxxxx): anonymous
#use your machine name as the password
#cd pub/sendmail
#binary
#get ultrix.cf
#quit
- Copy the existing /etc/sendmail.cf to /etc/sendmail.cfold
(for example) and replace it with the new one as follows.
#mv /etc/sendmail.cf /etc/sendmail.cfold
#mv ultrix.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
- Freeze the configuration file with the following command:
#/usr/lib/sendmail -bz
- Either reboot the system or kill the current sendmail process and
restart it with the following command:
#/usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q1h -om
- Send a mail to mail-support@dxmint.cern.ch requesting that your
node name be added to the SMTP data base. This is particularly important if
your machine has a DECnet node name but mail should reach it via SMTP.
- Make sure that you are not in the /etc directory. Copy the file
ultrix43.cf from the central server (dxsoft) using ftp.
#ftp dxsoft
#Name (dxsoft.xxxxx): anonymous
#use your machine name as the password
#cd pub/sendmail
#binary
#get ultrix43.cf
#quit
- Copy the existing /etc/sendmail.cf to /etc/sendmail.cfold
(for example) and replace it with the new one as follows.
#mv /etc/sendmail.cf /etc/sendmail.cfold
#sed "s/^DA.*/DA`hostname | cut -d. -f1`/" ultrix43.cf > /etc/sendmail.cf
WARNING: The ` in the above example is a backquote.
- Freeze the configuration file with the following command:
#/usr/lib/sendmail -bz
- Either reboot the system or kill the current sendmail process and
restart it with the following command:
#/usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q1h -om
- Send a mail to mail-support@dxmint.cern.ch requesting that your
node name be added to the SMTP data base. This is particularly important if
your machine has a DECnet node name but mail should reach it via SMTP.
In order to set up and start NFS invoke the command nfssetup as follows:
#cd /
#/etc/nfssetup
The command will step through the setup procedure and ask you to give any file
systems that you would like to import or export. In most cases the default
answers may be taken for this procedure. For more information on NFS see the
"ULTRIX Guide to the Network File System"(17).
After the installation of ULTRIX has terminated and the machine has rebooted
the time should appear in the following format:
Wed Oct 30 12:08:36 MET 1991
The time zone should be given as MET or MET DST. You will need to do the
following in order to ensure that your system will switch to and from
Daylight Saving Time (DST) on the correct days.
#cd /etc/zoneinfo
#cp localtime localtime.old (if it exists)
#ln MET localtime
If the time has not been set correctly during the installation it may be reset
in either of the following ways:
#/bin/date yymmddhhmm
or using a timeserver at CERN:
#/usr/etc/ntp -sf time-1
N.B. Do not modify the time in multi user mode unless the machine is
idle.
There are two timeservers at CERN, time-1 and time-2, which are linked to
external institutes who have reliable time (atomic clock) sources. The
easiest way to use this service is to add an entry similar to the following
to the file /etc/crontab:
01 00 * * * /usr/etc/ntp -sf time-1 (or time-2)
Please use time-1 if your IP address is odd and time-2 if yor IP address is
even.
The above entry will set the time at one minute past midnight every night.
Please choose a random time for your entry so that not all the CERN machines
will ask the time simultaneously.
When a Diskless Client machine reboots it uses the rdate command to check
the current time. Unfortunately the standard release of rdate asks for
the time from anywhere. This causes a broadcast storm on the network because
over five hundred Unix systems at CERN send a brodcast in order to find the
source of the rdate. It is therefore recommended that for these systems
you modify the file /etc/rc to use the ntp command instead - see the
example given below.
if [ "$DISKLESS" ]
then
/etc/nfs_umount -b >/dev/null 2>&1
/etc/mount -a -t nfs >/dev/console
# /usr/etc/rdate -s >/dev/console
/usr/etc/ntp -sf time-1 >/dev/console
fi
Printers may be added to the system by using the lprsetup command. At
CERN there is a central print server which allows access to a large number of
network connected printers. The server is called "springer" and its TCP/IP
address is 128.141.6.58. The following shows how to use lprsetup to add
one of the central printers (513-lps) to your machine.
- First of all you must get your machine added to the list of print hosts
on springer. To do this you should send a request via email to the printing
support account printsp@springer.cern.ch.
Do not forget to give the name of your machine.
- Invoke lprsetup
- When asked for the action to be taken enter : add
- When asked for the printer name enter : 513-lps
- When asked for the printer type enter : remote
- Give a synonym for this printer or type return
- When asked to set the spooler directory (sd) it is suggested that you
do not take the proposed default but set the spooler directory to:
/usr/spool/lpd/513-lps
- When asked for the remote system name (rm) enter : springer
- When asked for the remote system printer name (rp) enter : 513-lps
- You will then be prompted with a list of possible variables to be
added/modified in the file /etc/printcap. Refer the "ULTRIX Guide to
System Environment Setup"(18) for a
description of these variables. Type q if you wish to continue without
making any modifications.
You will now be able to print on the LPS20 in building 513.
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