Contents

• Contents
• General Input Commands
  • The System Name
  • The Calculation Order
  • The Calculation Mode
• Commands which Describe the Initial Particle Beam
  • Properties of the Reference Particle
  • A Parallelogram-like Phase-Space Area
  • An Elliptical Phase-Space Area
  • Maximal Energy- or Mass-Deviations from the Reference Particle
  • The floor coordinates
• The Description of the Optical System
  • Start of the System
  • A Field-Free Region
  • A Kicker
  • A Thin Lens
  • Multipoles
  • Sector Fields
  • Solenoid
  • Electrostatic Acceleration Column
  • Changing the Direction of Deflection
  • Rotation around the Optical Axis
  • A displaced beam
• The Selection of printable GICO Output
  • The Printout of Transfer Matrices
  • The Printout of the Position of the Next Images, Waists and Pupils
  • The Printout of the Beam Diameters, Twiss Parameters and Phase Shifts
  • Printer plot of the Beam Envelope
  • Short Summary of the System
  • Printer Plot of Phase-Space Distributions
  • The Printout of variables and Matrix elements
  • Disable the standard output
• The Selection of Graphic Output
  • Graphic Plot of Trajectories in x- and y-direction
  • Graphic Plot of top-view of System
  • Graphic Plot of the Fields
  • Graphic Plot of Expressions
  • Graphic Plot of Phase-Space Distributions
• Arithmetic calculations
  • The Definition of Arithmetic Expressions
  • The Use of an Arithmetic Expression
• Fitting in GICO
  • Definition of a fit
  • Definition of variable limits
• Optical Systems consisting of Repetitive or of Mirror-Symmetric Cells
  • The Definition of a Block
  • Using an earlier defined Block
• Execution Control
  • Stopping the execution
  • Creating a Loop
  • Creating Labels
  • Using Labels
• Other commands
  • Storing a Transfer Matrix on a file
  • Using the stored Transfer Matrix
  • Changing of filename
  • Reading the coordinates of particles
  • Saving the coordinates of particles
  • Generating a distribution of particles
  • Beam Displacement
  • Stopping the trace of particles
  • Resetting the system transfer matrix
  • Changing the values of Variables interactively
  • Random generator
• Appendix

HOW TO USE GICO

GICO uses the method of transfer matrices, the elements of which are described by algebraic expressions. Each optical element, i.e. a drift distance, a fringing field, a magnetic or electrostatic quadrupole, a magnetic or electrostatic sector field, etc. is characterized by one transfer matrix. All transfer matrices are multiplied together to obtain the overall transfer matrix.

GICO uses parallelogram-like areas. It determines ``normalized aberration coefficients'' which assume an upright rectangle or an upright ellipse at the object in phase space and which assume an optical system amended by ``virtual object lenses''. GICO provides a beam-envelope printer plot and at desired z-locations determines intensity-distribution plots. GICO also provides a number of graphic plots, depended on your environment (VAXstation, UIS window software).

The output of GICO is written onto a file called ``GICOOUT.DAT''. The input of GICO must be on a file ``GICOIN.DAT''. The first lines of this file can be used as comment. GICO ingnores them until the first line containing a (;) is found, this line is considered to be the first command for GICO. The last line in a new GICOIN.DAT must read: ``END ;''. In between are the GICO-commands each of which must start on a new line. Each command can extend over 72 character and must end with ($_{\sqcup}$;), i.e. a semicolon preceded by a blank space. All characters behind the (;) symbol are regarded as comment. A line starting with a (;) symbol is a comment line. Each command must start with two or three characterizing words of each of which only the first letter is read. A blank space $(_{\sqcup})$ is the word limiter. Because GICO writes the entire input also to GICOOUT.DAT, this file, after beeing copied or renamed to GICOIN.DAT, can also work as a new input for GICO. The last line, however, does not have to be ``END ;''.